Python Tricks

Here are some interesting Python tricks that can make your code more elegant, concise, or efficient:

Trick 1: Swap Variables Without a Temporary Variable

a, b = 5, 10
a, b = b, a
print(a, b)  # Output: 10 5

Trick 2: List Comprehensions for Creating Lists

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
print(squares)  # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

Trick 3: Combining Multiple Strings

strings = ["Hello", "World", "from", "Python"]
combined = " ".join(strings)
print(combined)  # Output: "Hello World from Python"

Trick 4: Use enumerate for Index and Value

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
for index, name in enumerate(names):
    print(f"{index}: {name}")
# Output:
# 0: Alice
# 1: Bob
# 2: Charlie

Trick 5: Dictionary Comprehensions

numbers = range(5)
squared_dict = {n: n**2 for n in numbers}
print(squared_dict)  # Output: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

Trick 6: Unpacking Multiple Values

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a, *middle, e = numbers
print(a, middle, e)  # Output: 1 [2, 3, 4] 5

Trick 7: Merging Dictionaries

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}

Trick 8: Set Intersection, Union, and Difference

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}
print(set1 & set2)  # Intersection: {3, 4}
print(set1 | set2)  # Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
print(set1 - set2)  # Difference: {1, 2}

Trick 9: Using zip to Iterate Over Multiple Lists

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
scores = [85, 90, 95]
for name, score in zip(names, scores):
    print(f"{name}: {score}")
# Output:
# Alice: 85
# Bob: 90
# Charlie: 95

Trick 10: Conditional Expressions (Ternary Operator)

age = 18
status = "adult" if age >= 18 else "minor"
print(status)  # Output: "adult"

Trick 11: Using get with Dictionaries to Provide Default Values

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice'}
print(my_dict.get('name', 'Unknown'))  # Output: Alice
print(my_dict.get('age', 25))  # Output: 25

Trick 12: Flattening a List of Lists

list_of_lists = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]]
flat_list = [item for sublist in list_of_lists for item in sublist]
print(flat_list)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Trick 13: Using Counter from collections

from collections import Counter

words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "banana", "apple"]
word_counts = Counter(words)
print(word_counts)  # Output: Counter({'apple': 3, 'banana': 2, 'orange': 1})

Trick 14: Using defaultdict from collections

from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(int)
d['a'] += 1
print(d)  # Output: defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'a': 1})

Trick 15: Using itertools for Efficient Looping

from itertools import permutations, combinations

items = ['a', 'b', 'c']
print(list(permutations(items)))  # Output: [('a', 'b', 'c'), ('a', 'c', 'b'), ...]
print(list(combinations(items, 2)))  # Output: [('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c'), ('b', 'c')]

These tricks can help you write more Pythonic and efficient code.

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Sure, here are 20 more Python tricks:

Trick 16: Using namedtuple from collections

from collections import namedtuple

Person = namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
print(person.name)  # Output: Alice
print(person.age)   # Output: 30

Trick 17: Using deque from collections for Fast Appends and Pops

from collections import deque

d = deque([1, 2, 3])
d.append(4)
d.appendleft(0)
print(d)  # Output: deque([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
d.pop()
d.popleft()
print(d)  # Output: deque([1, 2, 3])

Trick 18: Using itertools.chain to Chain Iterables

from itertools import chain

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined = list(chain(list1, list2))
print(combined)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Trick 19: Using functools.lru_cache for Memoization

from functools import lru_cache

@lru_cache(maxsize=None)
def fibonacci(n):
    if n < 2:
        return n
    return fibonacci(n-1) + fibonacci(n-2)

print(fibonacci(50))  # Output: 12586269025

Trick 20: Using pathlib for Path Manipulations

from pathlib import Path

path = Path('/usr/bin/python3')
print(path.name)        # Output: python3
print(path.suffix)      # Output: .3
print(path.parent)      # Output: /usr/bin
print(path.exists())    # Output: True/False

Trick 21: Using contextlib for Context Managers

from contextlib import contextmanager

@contextmanager
def open_file(name):
    f = open(name, 'w')
    try:
        yield f
    finally:
        f.close()

with open_file('test.txt') as f:
    f.write('Hello, world!')

Trick 22: Using dataclasses for Boilerplate-Free Classes

from dataclasses import dataclass

@dataclass
class Point:
    x: int
    y: int

p = Point(1, 2)
print(p.x, p.y)  # Output: 1 2

Trick 23: Using textwrap for Text Wrapping and Filling

import textwrap

long_text = "This is a very long text that needs to be wrapped."
wrapped_text = textwrap.fill(long_text, width=20)
print(wrapped_text)
# Output:
# This is a very long
# text that needs to
# be wrapped.

Trick 24: Using secrets for Generating Cryptographically Secure Tokens

import secrets

token = secrets.token_hex(16)
print(token)  # Output: a cryptographically secure token

Trick 25: Using statistics for Basic Statistical Calculations

import statistics

data = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
mean = statistics.mean(data)
median = statistics.median(data)
mode = statistics.mode(data)
print(mean, median, mode)  # Output: 5.0 5 5

Trick 26: Using enum for Enumerations

from enum import Enum

class Color(Enum):
    RED = 1
    GREEN = 2
    BLUE = 3

print(Color.RED)        # Output: Color.RED
print(Color.RED.name)   # Output: RED
print(Color.RED.value)  # Output: 1

Trick 27: Using json for JSON Serialization

import json

data = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}
json_data = json.dumps(data)
print(json_data)  # Output: {"name": "Alice", "age": 30}

parsed_data = json.loads(json_data)
print(parsed_data)  # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

Trick 28: Using heapq for Heap Queue Algorithms

import heapq

numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0]
heapq.heapify(numbers)
print(numbers)  # Output: [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 5, 7, 8, 6]

smallest = heapq.nsmallest(3, numbers)
print(smallest)  # Output: [0, 1, 2]

Trick 29: Using bisect for Array Bisection Algorithms

import bisect

numbers = [1, 3, 5, 7, 9]
bisect.insort(numbers, 6)
print(numbers)  # Output: [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9]

index = bisect.bisect(numbers, 4)
print(index)  # Output: 2

Trick 30: Using shutil for High-Level File Operations

import shutil

shutil.copy('source.txt', 'destination.txt')
shutil.move('source.txt', 'new_directory/source.txt')

Trick 31: Using logging for Logging

import logging

logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
logging.info('This is an info message')
logging.error('This is an error message')

Trick 32: Using timeit for Measuring Execution Time

import timeit

time_taken = timeit.timeit('"-".join(str(n) for n in range(100))', number=10000)
print(time_taken)  # Output: Time taken to execute the code

Trick 33: Using inspect for Introspection

import inspect

def my_function():
    pass

print(inspect.getsource(my_function))
print(inspect.signature(my_function))

Trick 34: Using pprint for Pretty-Printing Data Structures

import pprint

data = [{'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}, {'name': 'Bob', 'age': 25}]
pprint.pprint(data)

Trick 35: Using glob for Filename Pattern Matching

import glob

files = glob.glob('*.txt')
print(files)  # Output: List of all .txt files in the current directory

Trick 36: Using subprocess for Running Subprocesses

import subprocess

result = subprocess.run(['echo', 'Hello, world!'], capture_output=True, text=True)
print(result.stdout)  # Output: Hello, world!

Trick 37: Using tempfile for Temporary Files and Directories

import tempfile

with tempfile.TemporaryFile() as temp_file:
    temp_file.write(b'Hello, world!')
    temp_file.seek(0)
    print(temp_file.read())  # Output: b'Hello, world!'

Trick 38: Using zipfile for ZIP Archive Manipulation

import zipfile

with zipfile.ZipFile('example.zip', 'w') as zipf:
    zipf.write('file1.txt')
    zipf.write('file2.txt')

with zipfile.ZipFile('example.zip', 'r') as zipf:
    zipf.extractall('extracted_files')

Trick 39: Using tqdm for Progress Bars

from tqdm import tqdm
import time

for i in tqdm(range(100)):
    time.sleep(0.1)

Trick 40: Using random for Random Operations

import random

print(random.randint(1, 10))       # Output: Random integer between 1 and 10
print(random.choice(['a', 'b', 'c']))  # Output: Random element from the list
print(random.sample(range(100), 10))  # Output: Random sample of 10 elements from range(100)

These additional tricks will help you leverage more advanced features and capabilities of Python to write more effective and efficient code.

Trick 41: Using @property for Getter/Setter Methods

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self._radius = radius

    @property
    def radius(self):
        return self._radius

    @radius.setter
    def radius(self, value):
        if value < 0:
            raise ValueError("Radius cannot be negative")
        self._radius = value

circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.radius)  # Output: 5
circle.radius = 10
print(circle.radius)  # Output: 10

Trick 42: Using operator Module for Functional Operations

import operator

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = list(map(operator.mul, numbers, numbers))
print(result)  # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]

Trick 43: Using collections.ChainMap to Combine Multiple Dictionaries

from collections import ChainMap

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
combined = ChainMap(dict1, dict2)
print(combined)  # Output: ChainMap({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'b': 3, 'c': 4})

Trick 44: Using uuid for Unique Identifiers

import uuid

unique_id = uuid.uuid4()
print(unique_id)  # Output: A unique identifier like 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000

Trick 45: Using calendar for Calendar Operations

import calendar

print(calendar.month(2024, 7))  # Output: Calendar for July 2024
print(calendar.isleap(2024))    # Output: True

Trick 46: Using fractions for Rational Number Arithmetic

from fractions import Fraction

frac1 = Fraction(1, 3)
frac2 = Fraction(2, 3)
result = frac1 + frac2
print(result)  # Output: 1

Trick 47: Using decimal for High-Precision Arithmetic

from decimal import Decimal

a = Decimal('0.1')
b = Decimal('0.2')
print(a + b)  # Output: 0.3

Trick 48: Using dataclasses.replace for Creating Modified Copies

from dataclasses import dataclass, replace

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int

person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
new_person = replace(person, age=31)
print(new_person)  # Output: Person(name='Alice', age=31)

Trick 49: Using time.sleep for Delays

import time

print("Start")
time.sleep(2)  # Pause for 2 seconds
print("End")

Trick 50: Using atexit for Cleanup Operations

import atexit

def goodbye():
    print("Goodbye!")

atexit.register(goodbye)
print("Hello")

Trick 51: Using queue for Thread-Safe Queues

import queue

q = queue.Queue()
q.put(1)
q.put(2)
print(q.get())  # Output: 1
print(q.get())  # Output: 2

Trick 52: Using base64 for Encoding and Decoding

import base64

encoded = base64.b64encode(b'hello world')
print(encoded)  # Output: b'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ='

decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded)
print(decoded)  # Output: b'hello world'

Trick 53: Using hashlib for Hashing

import hashlib

hash_object = hashlib.sha256(b'hello world')
print(hash_object.hexdigest())  # Output: A SHA-256 hash of 'hello world'

Trick 54: Using argparse for Command-Line Arguments

import argparse

parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Example script.')
parser.add_argument('name', type=str, help='Your name')
args = parser.parse_args()
print(f"Hello, {args.name}!")

Trick 55: Using shlex for Simple Lexical Analysis

import shlex

command = 'ls -l /home/user'
parsed_command = shlex.split(command)
print(parsed_command)  # Output: ['ls', '-l', '/home/user']

Trick 56: Using unittest for Unit Testing

import unittest

class TestMath(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_add(self):
        self.assertEqual(1 + 1, 2)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

Trick 57: Using doctest for Embedded Testing

def add(a, b):
    """
    Adds two numbers.

    >>> add(1, 2)
    3
    >>> add(-1, 1)
    0
    """
    return a + b

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import doctest
    doctest.testmod()

Trick 58: Using concurrent.futures for Parallel Execution

from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor

def square(n):
    return n * n

with ThreadPoolExecutor() as executor:
    results = executor.map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4])
    print(list(results))  # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]

Trick 59: Using signal for Handling Unix Signals

import signal
import time

def handle_signal(signum, frame):
    print('Signal handler called with signal', signum)

signal.signal(signal.SIGINT, handle_signal)
print('Press Ctrl+C')
time.sleep(10)

Trick 60: Using pickle for Object Serialization

import pickle

data = {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}
serialized_data = pickle.dumps(data)
print(serialized_data)  # Output: Serialized binary data

deserialized_data = pickle.loads(serialized_data)
print(deserialized_data)  # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

Trick 61: Using copy for Shallow and Deep Copies

import copy

original = [1, 2, [3, 4]]
shallow_copy = copy.copy(original)
deep_copy = copy.deepcopy(original)

original[2][0] = 999
print(shallow_copy)  # Output: [1, 2, [999, 4]]
print(deep_copy)    # Output: [1, 2, [3, 4]]

Trick 62: Using re for Regular Expressions

import re

text = "The rain in Spain"
match = re.search(r'rain', text)
if match:
    print("Match found:", match.group())  # Output: Match found: rain

Trick 63: Using csv for Reading and Writing CSV Files

import csv

# Writing to a CSV file
with open('output.csv', 'w', newline='') as csvfile:
    writer = csv.writer(csvfile)
    writer.writerow(['Name', 'Age'])
    writer.writerow(['Alice', 30])
    writer.writerow(['Bob', 25])

# Reading from a CSV file
with open('output.csv', newline='') as csvfile:
    reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
    for row in reader:
        print(row)

Trick 64: Using sqlite3 for SQLite Database Operations

import sqlite3

conn = sqlite3.connect('example.db')
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute('''CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS people (name TEXT, age INTEGER)''')
c.execute("INSERT INTO people (name, age) VALUES ('Alice', 30)")
conn.commit()
for row in c.execute('SELECT * FROM people'):
    print(row)  # Output: ('Alice', 30)
conn.close()

Trick 65: Using pdb for Debugging

import pdb

def buggy_function():
    x = 10
    y = 0
    pdb.set_trace()
    result = x / y
    return result

buggy_function()

Trick 66: Using cProfile for Profiling

import cProfile

def my_function():
    total = 0
    for i in range(10000):
        total += i
    return total

cProfile.run('my_function()')

Trick 67: Using traceback for Printing Tracebacks

import traceback

def faulty_function():
    try:
        1 / 0
    except ZeroDivisionError:
        print(traceback.format_exc())

faulty_function()

Trick 68: Using gzip for Compressed File Handling

import gzip

content = b"Hello, world!"
with gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(content)

with gzip.open('file.txt.gz', 'rb') as f:
    file_content =

---

Trick 69: Using tarfile for TAR Archive Manipulation

import tarfile

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'w') as tar:
    tar.add('file1.txt')
    tar.add('file2.txt')

with tarfile.open('example.tar', 'r') as tar:
    tar.extractall('extracted_files')

Trick 70: Using inspect to Get Information About Objects

import inspect

def my_function(a, b):
    return a + b

print(inspect.signature(my_function))  # Output: (a, b)
print(inspect.getsource(my_function))

Trick 71: Using fnmatch for Filename Matching

import fnmatch
import os

files = os.listdir('.')
pattern = '*.py'
matching_files = fnmatch.filter(files, pattern)
print(matching_files)  # Output: List of Python files in the current directory

Trick 72: Using socket for Network Communication

import socket

with socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) as s:
    s.connect(('example.com', 80))
    s.sendall(b'GET / HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: example.com\r\n\r\n')
    data = s.recv(1024)
    print(data)

Trick 73: Using difflib for Comparing Sequences

import difflib

text1 = "Hello, world!"
text2 = "Hallo, world!"
d = difflib.Differ()
diff = list(d.compare(text1, text2))
print('\n'.join(diff))

Trick 74: Using hmac for Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication

import hmac
import hashlib

key = b'secret'
message = b'hello world'
h = hmac.new(key, message, hashlib.sha256)
print(h.hexdigest())

Trick 75: Using mimetypes to Guess MIME Types

import mimetypes

mime_type, _ = mimetypes.guess_type('example.txt')
print(mime_type)  # Output: text/plain

Trick 76: Using codecs for Encoding and Decoding

import codecs

text = "hello world"
encoded_text = codecs.encode(text, 'rot_13')
decoded_text = codecs.decode(encoded_text, 'rot_13')
print(encoded_text)  # Output: uryyb jbeyq
print(decoded_text)  # Output: hello world

Trick 77: Using fileinput for Looping Over Lines From Multiple Input Streams

import fileinput

for line in fileinput.input(files=('file1.txt', 'file2.txt')):
    print(line, end='')

Trick 78: Using linecache to Get Any Line From a File

import linecache

line = linecache.getline('example.txt', 3)
print(line)

Trick 79: Using secrets for Generating Secure Random Strings

import secrets

random_string = secrets.token_urlsafe(16)
print(random_string)  # Output: A secure random string

Trick 80: Using time for Performance Measurement

import time

start_time = time.time()
# Code block to measure
end_time = time.time()
print(f"Elapsed time: {end_time - start_time} seconds")

Trick 81: Using profile for Performance Profiling

import profile

def my_function():
    total = 0
    for i in range(10000):
        total += i
    return total

profile.run('my_function()')

Trick 82: Using memory_profiler for Memory Usage Profiling

from memory_profiler import profile

@profile
def my_function():
    a = [i for i in range(100000)]
    return a

if __name__ == '__main__':
    my_function()

Trick 83: Using pyyaml for YAML Parsing

import yaml

data = yaml.safe_load("""
name: Alice
age: 30
""")
print(data)  # Output: {'name': 'Alice', 'age': 30}

yaml_data = yaml.dump(data)
print(yaml_data)

Trick 84: Using click for Command Line Interface Creation

import click

@click.command()
@click.option('--name', prompt='Your name', help='The person to greet.')
def hello(name):
    click.echo(f'Hello {name}!')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    hello()

Trick 85: Using tabulate for Pretty-Printing Tables

from tabulate import tabulate

table = [
    ["Name", "Age"],
    ["Alice", 30],
    ["Bob", 25]
]
print(tabulate(table, headers="firstrow", tablefmt="grid"))

Trick 86: Using pygments for Syntax Highlighting

from pygments import highlight
from pygments.lexers import PythonLexer
from pygments.formatters import TerminalFormatter

code = 'print("Hello, world!")'
print(highlight(code, PythonLexer(), TerminalFormatter()))

Trick 87: Using beautifulsoup4 for Web Scraping

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.example.com')
soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
print(soup.title.string)

Trick 88: Using lxml for XML and HTML Processing

from lxml import etree

xml = '<root><child>Text</child></root>'
root = etree.fromstring(xml)
print(root.tag)  # Output: root
print(root[0].tag)  # Output: child
print(root[0].text)  # Output: Text

Trick 89: Using pydantic for Data Validation

from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationError

class User(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: int

try:
    user = User(name='Alice', age='thirty')
except ValidationError as e:
    print(e)

Trick 90: Using openpyxl for Excel File Manipulation

import openpyxl

wb = openpyxl.Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws['A1'] = 'Hello, world!'
wb.save('example.xlsx')

Trick 91: Using pdfplumber for PDF Extraction

import pdfplumber

with pdfplumber.open('example.pdf') as pdf:
    first_page = pdf.pages[0]
    text = first_page.extract_text()
    print(text)

Trick 92: Using xlrd for Reading Excel Files

import xlrd

wb = xlrd.open_workbook('example.xls')
sheet = wb.sheet_by_index(0)
for row in range(sheet.nrows):
    print(sheet.row_values(row))

Trick 93: Using psutil for System and Process Utilities

import psutil

print(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1))  # Output: CPU usage percentage
print(psutil.virtual_memory())  # Output: Memory usage statistics

Trick 94: Using pyautogui for GUI Automation

import pyautogui

pyautogui.write('Hello, world!', interval=0.25)
pyautogui.press('enter')

Trick 95: Using watchdog for Monitoring File System Events

from watchdog.observers import Observer
from watchdog.events import FileSystemEventHandler

class MyHandler(FileSystemEventHandler):
    def on_modified(self, event):
        print(f'File {event.src_path} has been modified')

event_handler = MyHandler()
observer = Observer()
observer.schedule(event_handler, path='.', recursive=False)
observer.start()

Trick 96: Using multiprocessing for Parallel Processing

from multiprocessing import Pool

def square(n):
    return n * n

if __name__ == '__main__':
    with Pool(4) as p:
        print(p.map(square, [1, 2, 3, 4]))  # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]

Trick 97: Using threading for Multithreading

import threading

def print_numbers():
    for i in range(5):
        print(i)

thread = threading.Thread(target=print_numbers)
thread.start()
thread.join()

Trick 98: Using weakref for Weak References

import weakref

class MyClass:
    pass

obj = MyClass()
r = weakref.ref(obj)
print(r())  # Output: <__main__.MyClass object at ...>
del obj
print(r())  # Output: None

Trick 99: Using pytz for Time Zone Handling

from datetime import datetime
import pytz

utc_dt = pytz.utc.localize(datetime.utcnow())
print(utc_dt)  # Output: Current time in UTC
est_dt = utc_dt.astimezone(pytz.timezone('US/Eastern'))
print(est_dt)  # Output: Current time in US Eastern Time

Trick 100: Using

dateutil for Parsing Dates

from dateutil import parser

date_str = '2023-07-20 12:34:56'
dt = parser.parse(date_str)
print(dt)  # Output: 2023-07-20 12:34:56

Trick 101: Using pyqrcode for QR Code Generation

import pyqrcode

url = pyqrcode.create('https://www.example.com')
url.png('qrcode.png', scale=8)

Trick 102: Using matplotlib for Plotting

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

x = [1, 2, 3, 4]
y = [1, 4, 9, 16]
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel('x')
plt.ylabel('y')
plt.title('Simple Plot')
plt.show()

Trick 103: Using scipy for Scientific Computing

import numpy as np
from scipy.integrate import quad

result, error = quad(np.sin, 0, np.pi)
print(result)  # Output: 2.0

Trick 104: Using nltk for Natural Language Processing

import nltk
from nltk.tokenize import word_tokenize

nltk.download('punkt')
text = "Hello, world! How are you?"
tokens = word_tokenize(text)
print(tokens)  # Output: ['Hello', ',', 'world', '!', 'How', 'are', 'you', '?']

Trick 105: Using gensim for Topic Modeling

from gensim import corpora, models

documents = [["human", "interface", "computer"], ["survey", "user", "computer", "system", "response", "time"]]
dictionary = corpora.Dictionary(documents)
corpus = [dictionary.doc2bow(doc) for doc in documents]
lda = models.LdaModel(corpus, num_topics=2, id2word=dictionary)
print(lda.print_topics())

Trick 106: Using spacy for Advanced NLP

import spacy

nlp = spacy.load('en_core_web_sm')
doc = nlp("Apple is looking at buying U.K. startup for $1 billion")
for entity in doc.ents:
    print(entity.text, entity.label_)

Trick 107: Using flask for Web Development

from flask import Flask

app = Flask(__name__)

@app.route('/')
def hello_world():
    return 'Hello, World!'

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run()

Trick 108: Using fastapi for High-Performance Web APIs

from fastapi import FastAPI

app = FastAPI()

@app.get("/")
def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}

if __name__ == '__main__':
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app, host="0.0.0.0", port=8000)

These additional tricks should provide you with a comprehensive range of tools and techniques to enhance your Python programming skills.

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Sure, here are 30 basic Python tricks that can help you write cleaner and more efficient code:

Trick 1: Swap Variables Without a Temporary Variable

a, b = 5, 10
a, b = b, a
print(a, b)  # Output: 10 5

Trick 2: List Comprehensions for Creating Lists

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]
print(squares)  # Output: [0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81]

Trick 3: Combining Multiple Strings

strings = ["Hello", "World", "from", "Python"]
combined = " ".join(strings)
print(combined)  # Output: "Hello World from Python"

Trick 4: Use enumerate for Index and Value

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
for index, name in enumerate(names):
    print(f"{index}: {name}")
# Output:
# 0: Alice
# 1: Bob
# 2: Charlie

Trick 5: Dictionary Comprehensions

numbers = range(5)
squared_dict = {n: n**2 for n in numbers}
print(squared_dict)  # Output: {0: 0, 1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9, 4: 16}

Trick 6: Unpacking Multiple Values

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
a, *middle, e = numbers
print(a, middle, e)  # Output: 1 [2, 3, 4] 5

Trick 7: Merging Dictionaries

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
merged_dict = {**dict1, **dict2}
print(merged_dict)  # Output: {'a': 1, 'b': 3, 'c': 4}

Trick 8: Set Intersection, Union, and Difference

set1 = {1, 2, 3, 4}
set2 = {3, 4, 5, 6}
print(set1 & set2)  # Intersection: {3, 4}
print(set1 | set2)  # Union: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
print(set1 - set2)  # Difference: {1, 2}

Trick 9: Using zip to Iterate Over Multiple Lists

names = ["Alice", "Bob", "Charlie"]
scores = [85, 90, 95]
for name, score in zip(names, scores):
    print(f"{name}: {score}")
# Output:
# Alice: 85
# Bob: 90
# Charlie: 95

Trick 10: Conditional Expressions (Ternary Operator)

age = 18
status = "adult" if age >= 18 else "minor"
print(status)  # Output: "adult"

Trick 11: Using get with Dictionaries to Provide Default Values

my_dict = {'name': 'Alice'}
print(my_dict.get('name', 'Unknown'))  # Output: Alice
print(my_dict.get('age', 25))  # Output: 25

Trick 12: Flattening a List of Lists

list_of_lists = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5], [6, 7, 8, 9]]
flat_list = [item for sublist in list_of_lists for item in sublist]
print(flat_list)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]

Trick 13: Using Counter from collections

from collections import Counter

words = ["apple", "banana", "apple", "orange", "banana", "apple"]
word_counts = Counter(words)
print(word_counts)  # Output: Counter({'apple': 3, 'banana': 2, 'orange': 1})

Trick 14: Using defaultdict from collections

from collections import defaultdict

d = defaultdict(int)
d['a'] += 1
print(d)  # Output: defaultdict(<class 'int'>, {'a': 1})

Trick 15: Using itertools for Efficient Looping

from itertools import permutations, combinations

items = ['a', 'b', 'c']
print(list(permutations(items)))  # Output: [('a', 'b', 'c'), ('a', 'c', 'b'), ...]
print(list(combinations(items, 2)))  # Output: [('a', 'b'), ('a', 'c'), ('b', 'c')]

Trick 16: Using namedtuple from collections

from collections import namedtuple

Person = namedtuple('Person', 'name age')
person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
print(person.name)  # Output: Alice
print(person.age)   # Output: 30

Trick 17: Using deque from collections for Fast Appends and Pops

from collections import deque

d = deque([1, 2, 3])
d.append(4)
d.appendleft(0)
print(d)  # Output: deque([0, 1, 2, 3, 4])
d.pop()
d.popleft()
print(d)  # Output: deque([1, 2, 3])

Trick 18: Using itertools.chain to Chain Iterables

from itertools import chain

list1 = [1, 2, 3]
list2 = [4, 5, 6]
combined = list(chain(list1, list2))
print(combined)  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

Trick 19: Using @property for Getter/Setter Methods

class Circle:
    def __init__(self, radius):
        self._radius = radius

    @property
    def radius(self):
        return self._radius

    @radius.setter
    def radius(self, value):
        if value < 0:
            raise ValueError("Radius cannot be negative")
        self._radius = value

circle = Circle(5)
print(circle.radius)  # Output: 5
circle.radius = 10
print(circle.radius)  # Output: 10

Trick 20: Using operator Module for Functional Operations

import operator

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
result = list(map(operator.mul, numbers, numbers))
print(result)  # Output: [1, 4, 9, 16]

Trick 21: Using collections.ChainMap to Combine Multiple Dictionaries

from collections import ChainMap

dict1 = {'a': 1, 'b': 2}
dict2 = {'b': 3, 'c': 4}
combined = ChainMap(dict1, dict2)
print(combined)  # Output: ChainMap({'a': 1, 'b': 2}, {'b': 3, 'c': 4})

Trick 22: Using uuid for Unique Identifiers

import uuid

unique_id = uuid.uuid4()
print(unique_id)  # Output: A unique identifier like 123e4567-e89b-12d3-a456-426614174000

Trick 23: Using calendar for Calendar Operations

import calendar

print(calendar.month(2024, 7))  # Output: Calendar for July 2024
print(calendar.isleap(2024))    # Output: True

Trick 24: Using fractions for Rational Number Arithmetic

from fractions import Fraction

frac1 = Fraction(1, 3)
frac2 = Fraction(2, 3)
result = frac1 + frac2
print(result)  # Output: 1

Trick 25: Using decimal for High-Precision Arithmetic

from decimal import Decimal

a = Decimal('0.1')
b = Decimal('0.2')
print(a + b)  # Output: 0.3

Trick 26: Using dataclasses.replace for Creating Modified Copies

from dataclasses import dataclass, replace

@dataclass
class Person:
    name: str
    age: int

person = Person(name='Alice', age=30)
new_person = replace(person, age=31)
print(new_person)  # Output: Person(name='Alice', age=31)

Trick 27: Using time.sleep for Delays

import time

print("Start")
time.sleep(2)  # Pause for 2 seconds
print("End")

Trick 28: Using atexit for Cleanup Operations

import a

texit

def goodbye():
    print("Goodbye!")

atexit.register(goodbye)
print("Hello")

Trick 29: Using queue for Thread-Safe Queues

import queue

q = queue.Queue()
q.put(1)
q.put(2)
print(q.get())  # Output: 1
print(q.get())  # Output: 2

Trick 30: Using base64 for Encoding and Decoding

import base64

encoded = base64.b64encode(b'hello world')
print(encoded)  # Output: b'aGVsbG8gd29ybGQ='

decoded = base64.b64decode(encoded)
print(decoded)  # Output: b'hello world'

These basic Python tricks should help you write cleaner, more efficient, and more readable code.

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